I. Indawo eyingozi
1. Indawo eyingozi kakhulu
Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu okuvumelekile kwe-hydrogen sulfide emoyeni kungu-10mg / M3.
Lapho ukugxila kukhulu kune- noma kulingana no-760mg / M3 (502ppm), abantu bazohlushwa ngokushesha ubuthi be-acute, ukukhubazeka kokuphefumula nokufa. Le ndawo iyingozi kakhulu.
2. Indawo eyingozi kakhulu
Lapho ukugxila kwe-hydrogen sulfide kuphakathi kuka-300 ~ 760mg / M3 (198 ~ 502ppm), kungadala i-pulmonary edema, i-bronchitis kanye ne-pneumonia, ikhanda, isiyezi, kanye ne-dysuria. Le ndawo yindawo eyingozi kakhulu.
I-3. Isendaweni eyingozi
Lapho ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen sulfide kuyinto 10mg / m3 ~ 300mg / m3 (6.6 ~ 198ppm), ukucasuka okukhulu kwamehlo kungenzeka, futhi ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kungadala i-pulmonary edema.
Kuzoba madivayisi alandelayo noma eduze kwamathangi alandelayo: Amathangi endle, ama-Pers anama-Persurization, amadivaysi e-Torch, izindawo ezihamba ngepayipi le-acid, i-Bipelfurizer.
Ukutholwa kwezindawo ezichazwe ngenhla zokwakha nokulungiswa kufanele kuvunyelwe yi-workshop, ehambisana nabasebenzi bokuqapha, gqoka ingcindezi enhle yokuphelelwa umoya, bese usebenzisa i-hydrogen sulfide yokuthola i-alamu yokutholwa.
II. Izimpawu Zomvuthi
1 ubuthi bezinhlanya: Izimpawu ezifana ne-Photophobia, ukudiliza, ukucasuka kwangamehlo, umuzwa womzimba wakwamanye amazwe, ikhala elivuthayo ekhaleni nomphimbo, ohambisana nesiyezi, ikhanda, nokukhathala.
2 ubuthi ngokulingana
I-3. Ubuthi obukhulu: Kuboniswe njengesizinda, ama-palpitations, ukuphefumula, ukuhamba kancane, ukudilizwa, ukugabha, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuqunjelwa kwe-pulmonary edema, i-cerebral edema, futhi ekugcineni ekugcineni ukufa ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuphefumula.
4. Ubuthi obunzima kakhulu: Ukuphefumula okungu-1 noma 2 imilomo nokuwela ngokungazelelwe emhlabathini, ukuphefumula ngaso leso sikhathi, okungukuthi, "okushonile kangako" ukufa.
I-III. Usizo lokuqala lokufaka ubuthi
Lapho izingozi zobuchopho ze-hydrogen sulfide noma izingozi zokuvuza zenzeka, abasebenzi endaweni engcolile kufanele baphume ngokushesha ohlangothini lwamanzi, futhi kufanele babize noma babike ngokushesha, futhi akufanele baphathwe ngokumbiwa.
Lapho umuntu enobuthi futhi engazi, abasebenzi abahlengiweyo kumele:
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2. Lapho ungena endaweni yezingozi ezifana nemibhoshongo, iziqukathi, indle, njll. Uphathe ibhande lakho lokuphepha. Uma kunenkinga, kufanele uphume endaweni ngokusho kwesiginali yokuxhumana.
I-3. Umoya omncane omncane, usheshise ukuguquguquka, unciphise futhi uncibilike i-hydrogen sulfide ngamanzi okufafaza.
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5. Bheka ukuphefumula nokwazi kwabalimele. Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuvimba ukuphefumula, zama ukwenza i-CPR kungakapheli imizuzu emi-4 ngokushesha (ungaphefumuli umlomo-umlomo).
6. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwenhliziyo ngeke kuphazanyiswe ngaphambi kokufika esibhedlela ukuze kuqale ukutakula.
IV. Izindlela zokuvimbela
1. Imishini yokukhiqiza ekhiqiza i-hydrogen sulfide kufanele ivalwe ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isethwe amadivayisi we-alamu othomathikhi.
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3. Lapho ungena ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinjengeziqukathi zezindiza, imigodi, ama-kilns, nemisele lapho i-hydrogen sulfide ingalinganiswa khona, futhi izinyathelo zokuphefumula kufanele zithathwe ukuze ziqinisekise ukuphepha ngaphambi kokusebenza.
I-4. Ukuqoqwa kwe-hydrogen sulfide emoyeni ovelele womsebenzi we-hydrogen sulfide kufanele kulinganiswe njalo.
5. Thatha izindlela zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokusebenza, gqoka imaski yegesi, bese ubopha amabhande okuhlenga noma izintambo ezizungeze okhalweni zabasebenzi. Umshuwalense ohambisanayo kufanele wenziwe, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwababili kufanele babe khona, futhi umuntu onobuthi kufanele asindiswe ngokushesha uma kwenzeka isimo esingesihle.
6. Abantu abahlushwa yi-hepatitis, uNephropathy, kanye ne-tracheitis ngeke bahlanganyele ekusebenzeni okuvezwe i-hydrogen sulfide.
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V. Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene
1. Izindlela zokuqapha zokusebenza kwesampula
(1) Bheka ukuthi ngabe isampula isesimweni esihle;
(2) Gqoka imaski efanelekile yegesi, ume omoya ongenhla, futhi ube nokuqondisa okukhethekile;
(3) Ngesikhathi senqubo yesampula, i-valve yesandla kufanele ivulwe kancane. Ungangqongqotha i-valve nge-wrench.
2. Izindlela zokuqapha zokusebenza kokusika kwamanzi
(1) Gqoka imaski efanelekile yegesi, ube nokuqondisa okukhethekile, futhi ume ngesandla esiphezulu;
(2) Kufanele kube nebanga elithile phakathi kokusika kwamanzi nokuvulwa komoya;
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(4) Abantu abakwazi ukuphuma endaweni yesehlakalo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphelelwa ngamandla ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwenani elikhulu legesi.
3. Umsebenzi wesondlo ngaphakathi kwemishini
Kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini neziqukathi zokulungiswa, ngokuvamile ngemuva kokuhlanzwa, ukufaka esikhundleni, ukufaka amapuleti angaboni, isampula kanye nokuhlaziya ithikithi elifanelekile lokufaka umsebenzi we-worder ngaphambi kokungena ekusebenzeni. Kodwa-ke, eminye imishini neziqukathi kudinga ukufakwa ukuze kususwe i-sludge ye-resiual kawoyela nokusalela ngaphambi kokulungiswa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza, amagesi anobuthi futhi ayingozi anjenge-hydrogen sulfide kanye namafutha negesi kuzothuthukiswa. Izinyathelo zokuphepha kumele zithathwe. Izinto ezilandelayo eziyisikhombisa yizinyathelo zokulungiswa kwangaphakathi kwemishini:
(1) athuthukise uhlelo lokwakha;
(2) Abasebenzisi baye baqeqeshwa ngokuphepha kwezobuchwepheshe;
(3) gqoka imaskhi efanelekile yegesi futhi uphathe ibhande lesihlalo (intambo);
(4) Ngaphambi kokungena esitsheni semishini yokusebenza, isampula nokuhlaziywa kumele kwenziwe;
(5) Isikhathi sokusebenza akufanele sibe yinde kakhulu, ngokuvamile hhayi ngaphezu kwe-30min;
(6) Ukusingatha amathikithi omsebenzi wokuphepha;
(7) Abasebenzi abakhethekile kufanele bagadwe ngesikhathi sokwakha, kanti abasebenzi bezokwelapha kufanele babe khona lapho kunesidingo.
4. Faka indle (kahle) nomsele wokusebenza
(1) sebenzisa imithetho yokuvikelwa kokuphepha kokusebenza ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe;
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(3) Sebenzisa umoya omncane wokuphoqelela noma umoya omncane wemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kukhulu kune-20%;
(4) gqoka imaskhi yegesi;
(5) phatha ibhande lesihlalo (intambo);
(6) Ukusingatha amathikithi omsebenzi wokuphepha;
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5. Ukuhlanza umsebenzi echibini
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(2) ISampula Nokuhlaziywa ukunquma izindlela zokuphepha zohlelo lokwakha ngokususelwa emiphumeleni yokulinganisa;
(3) Gqoka imaski efanelekile yegesi, ubhekele ngokukhethekile, futhi uma kunesidingo, ulethe ibhande lesihlalo (intambo);
(4) Phatha ithikithi lomsebenzi lesikhala esilinganiselwe.
I-6. Ukungena okuvuza, ukungafani noma ukufakwa noma ukufakwa kwemisebenzi
Lapho i-plugging, ukuhlukanisa noma ukufaka izinto zokwakha i-hydrogen kumishini, iziqukathi namapayipi, okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:
(1) Lawula ngokuqinile umsebenzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, vala i-valve ukuxhumana nezitsha zemishini, bese ususa ingcindezi yensalela;
(2) Gqoka imaski efanelekile yegesi futhi ube nokuqondisa okukhethekile;
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7. Izinyathelo zokuhlola ukubheka imishini yokukhiqiza
(1) asebenze kahle futhi uvikele ngokuqinile ukugijima, ukuvuza, ukudonsa nokuvuza;
(2) Faka i-alamu ye-hydrogen sulfide engaguquki kudivayisi;
(3) aqinise ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwemishini yokupompa ukunciphisa ukuvuza;
(4) qinisa umoya ezindaweni ezivuzayo;
(5) Imikhumbi, amapayipi, ama-valves, njll. Iqukethe izinto zokwakha i-hydrogen kufanele zihlolwe futhi zithathelwe indawo;
(6) Uma ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen sulfide kutholakala kuphakeme, kufanele kubikwe kuqala, futhi izinyathelo ezithile zokuvikela zingathathwa ngaphambi kokungena kwisiza ukuze zihlolwe nokwelashwa.
VI. Izidingo zokusebenzisa imaski yegesi yokuhlunga
Lapho okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emoyeni emsebenzini kukhulu noma kulingana nama-20%, futhi ukugxila kwe-hydrogen sulfide kungaphansi kwe-10mg / M3, i-grey canister yokuhlunga gxila imaski yegesi ingasetshenziswa. Izindlela zokuphepha zokusebenzisa i-Filter Gas Mask:
. Uma kuzwakala kudalwe futhi i-airtight, imaskhi ngokuyisisekelo i-Airtight.
(2) Yigqoke kahle: Khetha imininingwane efanelekile yokwenza umphetho wesembozo eduze kobuso. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele uqinise izikulufa ze-duct yomoya kanye ne-hood, bese uxhuma enye ukuphela ngezikulufo ze-canister ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zixhumeke ngokuqinile futhi zigcine umoya ugeleza kahle. Khumbula ukususa phansi phansi kwe-canister ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Ipulaki yerabha yomoya inlet, uma kungenjalo kuthambekele ezingozini zangezingozi. Uma usebenza, umgodi we-vent ezansi kwe-canister kanye ne-valve yokuphefumula ye-hood inaka ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwezinto zakwamanye amazwe.
. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umphetho we-hood uxhumeke kahle ekhanda, bese ukhipha umoya osele emzimbeni, bese wenza ukuhlolwa okulula komoya ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Vikwa. Izidingo Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinkampani Zokuphefumula Komoya
Lapho okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emoyeni emsebenzini kungaphansi kwama-20%, noma ukugxila kwe-hydrogen sulfide kukhulu kune-10mg / M3, imaski yegesi engagcinekile kufanele ikhethwe. Njengamanje, ukuzimela (ukuphefumula komoya) kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Izindlela zokuphepha zokusebenzisa izinto zokuphefumula umoya:
1. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa: Vula i-cylinder valve bese ujikisa isilinda ngesandla ngokujikijela okungenani okungu-2. Bheka ukufundwa kwegeji yengcindezi ngasikhathi sinye, ingcindezi yesilinda akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwama-28mpa, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele ithathelwe indawo ngesilinda esigcwele umoya ocindezelwe.
2. Ukugqoka imishini: bopha futhi ulungise umucu wamahlombe kanye nebhande lesinqe ukuze isikhundla se-respirator siseduze komnyango. Igeji yengcindezi ihlelwe egcekeni lehlombe le-air respirator, kanye nenani lokubonisa ingcindezi lingabonakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukwahlulela umoya osele kwisilinda.
3. Gqoka imaskhi: qiniseka ukuthi i-halve ye-inharation ifakiwe kumaskhi. Donsela i-hood bese uyibeka ekhanda, ngentambo elele ekhanda nasentanyeni, ngaphandle kokuheha. Donsela i-hood ngemuva kwekhanda ngesandla esisodwa, uqiniseke ukuthi i-chin ingaphakathi kwesembozo se-chin semaskhi.
4. Bheka uphawu lwe-mask: donsa ukuphela kwentamo (imichilo emibili engezansi) kuya emuva kwekhanda ukubopha intamo. Mboza isikhombimsebenzisi semaski ngesandla sakho, bese ukhipha u-inhale kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi engemihle ikhiqizwa ukubheka ukuthi ngabe uphawu phakathi kwemaski nobuso buhle. Uma umoya uvuza emaski, susa imaski bese uyigqoka futhi. Uma imaskhi ingakwazi ukuvalwa ngobuso ngemuva kokulungisa, buyisela okusha.
QAPHELA: Ukulingana okuqinile kwendandatho ye-seal yemaski nesikhumba yisiqinisekiso sophawu lwe-mask. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izinwele noma intshebe phakathi komhlaba wokuvalwa kwerabha kanye nesikhumba.
I-5. Lapho ukusetshenziswa komoya ku-cylinde kufinyelela ku-5.5MPA ± 0.5mpa, i-alamu izokhala ukukhumbuza umsebenzisi ukuthi kukhona u-16% womoya kwisilinda. Lapho uzwa i-alamu, kufanele ulungele ukuqeda ukusebenza endaweni eyingozi bese ushiya indawo eyingozi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Nov-19-2021